12 PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE ADULT TEACHING & LEARNING

Needs Assessment:
the participation of the learners in naming and informing what is to be learned

Safety 
in the environment and the process for both the participants and the instructor

Sound Relationship
between the teacher and the learners for learning and development

Sequence and Reinforcement
from simple concepts to complex, from group supported learning to solo efforts and reflection, then repetition of facts, skills and attitudes in diverse, engaging and interesting ways

Praxis 
Action (learning) with reflection (thought after doing)

Respect
for the learner, their life experiences, AND as subjects of their own learning

Cognitive, Affective & Psychomotor
involving ideas, feelings and actions, or the head, the heart, and the hands

Immediacy 
of the learning, seeing that is it instantly usable, using it right away

Roles
clearly defined and developed for both learner and teacher. The teacher as a facilitator of learning, not a “professor” of knowledge

Teamwork
using small groups. Learners in dialog with each other, not just with the instructor

Engagement
of the learners in what they are learning

Accountability 
How does the learner know that they know?

ADULT EDUCATION IN INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS ORGANISATION

Training is teaching, educating or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. Training has specific goals of improving one's capability, capacity, productivity and performance.

Objectives

Enhance knowledge, skills of employee

Increase job satisfaction, motivation and morale among employees

Increase efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain

Increase capacity to adopt new technologies and methods

Increase innovation in strategies and products

Reduce employee turnover

Enhance company image

Typical Topics of Employee Training

Communications: 

The increasing diversity of today's workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs.

Computer skills: 

Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks.

Customer service:

Increased competition in today's global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers.

Diversity: 

Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value diversity

Ethics:

Today's society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, today's diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace.

Human relations: 

The increased stresses of today's workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict. Training can people to get along in the workplace

Quality initiatives:

Initiatives such as Total Quality Management, Quality Circles, benchmarking, etc., require basic training about quality concepts, guidelines and standards for quality, etc.

Safety: 

Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment, hazardous chemicals, repetitive activities, etc., but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults, etc.

Sexual harassment:

Sexual harassment training usually includes careful description of the organization's policies about sexual harassment, especially about what are inappropriate behaviors.

BUDAYA INTEGRITI

Membina negara bangsa berintegiriti telah banyak kajian barat menunjukkan bahawa membangunkan ilmu ada tiga kluster utama iaitu pengetahuan, realiti (faham bangsa sendiri) dan beretika (ahklak/personaliti/nilai). Kajian juga menunjukkan dua aspek itu sering diingat tetapi yang ketiga itu dilupakan. 

Aspek beretika atau agama meletakkan Islam satu perkara asas dan fundamental, dan ia harus berterusan. Contoh yang diperkenalkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW konsep ummah yang ada dalam Piagam Madinah - bukan masyarakat yang berpisah tetapi satu masyarakat yang boleh hidup aman - diletakkan dalam Fasal Pertama. Sejarah membuktikan ia telah berjaya kerana sejarah tidak tertipu. Ummah perlu ada sistem. Dalam alQuran sebut 44 perkataan ummah perkara sangat serius dalam Islam telah mengiktiraf semua bangsa, dan dalam sistem undang-undang.” 

Kamu (wahai umat Muhammad) adalah sebaik-baik umat yang dilahirkan bagi (faedah) umat manusia, (kerana) kamu menyuruh berbuat segala perkara yang baik dan melarang daripada segala perkara yang salah (buruk dan keji), serta kamu pula beriman kepada Allah (dengan sebenar-benar iman). Dan kalaulah Ahli Kitab (Yahudi dan Nasrani) itu beriman (sebagaimana yang semestinya), tentulah (iman) itu menjadi baik bagi mereka. (Tetapi) di antara mereka ada yang beriman dan kebanyakan mereka: orang-orang yang fasik.(A-li'Imraan 3:110)

Aspek budaya berintegriti adalah perkara wajar disebut dan dibangunkan secara berterusan. Abu Hamid al-Ghazzali, nilai utama dalam akhlak yang membentuk kecemerlangan terbahagi kepada empat, iaitu:

al-Hikmah-Kebijaksanaan atau kesesuaian ilmu dengan amal atau tindakannya.

al-Adl-Keadilan, iaitu jiwa yang dapat dikawal dari sifat marah,rakus, ego dan sebagainya untuk mencapai al-hikmah. Nilai ini mampu menyelamat dan membimbing manusia kearah kesejahteraan dan kebahgiaan.

al-Shaja ah-Keberanian, iaitu kekuatan dan keteguhan hati dalam mempertahankan kebenaran (al-haq), tidak berundur kerana dicela dan tidak maju kerana dipuji.

al-Iffah- Kemuliaan, iaitu mempunyai kemuliaan dengan menjaga maruah diri dari melakukan perbuatan yang dilarang Allah.

Perkara iaitu membina negara berintegriti

A) ummah yang unggul dengan nilai-nilai cemerlang,

B) akhlak yang tinggi, 

C) boleh dipercayai: dan 

D) amanah yang berterusan.